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The exact relation of maximal strength with power and the content of explosive strength performance, particularly with light loads remains unclear. Explosive strength is has been classified as the peak RFD (rate of force development) and has been associated with acceleration capabilities. It can be argued that for many sport s, that the ability to produce force at high speed may be more important than maximum force production. The rate of force production is primarily a function of the rate in increase in muscle activation by the nervous system. Although force is directly responsible for the acceleration of an object, it may be argued that the faster a given force is attained, the more rapid the corresponding acceleration occurs. Thus the rate of force development can be associated with the ability to accelerate objects. So attaining a high peak rate of force development or explosive strength would be associated with high acceleration capabilities. Tests have been produced by various strength and conditioning coaches which have enabled them to come to the conclusion that maximum strength markedly contributes to power and explosiveness at light and heavy loads. Therefore improvement of maximum strength as a result of strength training could improve power and explosiveness and therefore performance in variety of movements associated with both light and heavy resistances. Studies have come to the conclusions that: 1. As a result of training muscular force generation can be improved 2. Maximal strength training can result in changes in other factors such as power and peak rate of force production that can also tribute to sports CHNKWKS <јџџџџTEXTTEXT”+FDPPFDPP.FDPCFDPC0STSHSTSH2STSHSTSH22SYIDSYIDP2SGP SGP d2INK INK h2BTEPPLC l2BTECPLC „2FONTFONTœ2<STRSPLC и2:PRNTWNPR3ЯFRAMFRAMс9ˆTITLTITLi:|DOP DOP х:.osive strength performance, particularly with liMaximal Strength and the relationship in Explosive sports By Glenn Parker Athlete s who compete in explosive sports such as rugby, Olympic weightlifting, boxing have to produce movements that are very different in sport s specific coaching techniques but are very similar in the classification of strength quality: they all require power. Maximal strength can be defined as: the top level force or torque that the neuromuscular system is capable of producing in one maximal voluntary contraction. Strength is produced isometrically (when a muscle starts developing tension, the length of the muscle remains unchanged and no direct movement occurs) and the other type of contractions which are dynamic consist of: concentric (bringing tension and shortening , causing movement to occur )and eccentric (lengthening of the muscle while producing tension and also controlling of the speed of movement ). It also consists of the rate of motor unit recruitment and the degree of its contraction. Author s have indicated that maximum strength is the basic quality affecting power out-put. This is because: a certain load would represent a smaller percentage of the maximum, thus making the load easier to accelerate.: it is possible that a person with a higher percentage of maximum strength level would have a greater percentage or greater cross-sectional area of type II fibres(fast-twitch), which strongly contribute to high power: with strength training (progressing maximum strength) several power improvements occur simultaneously these include hypertrophy of fast-twitch type II fibres, increases in the fast-twitch type II/I cross-sectional ratio and alterations in the activation of motor units. Maximum strength is believed to have it s greatest effect on produciperformance 3. However no study has shown that maximum strength, power, or specific performance variables change at exactly the same rate. Furthermore increases in strength may continue to develop while power or sport performance lose progressive gains. 4. You should think very carefully about completely depending on maximum strength gains to enhance power out-put or sport performance especially among advanced or elite athletes. To maximise power and explosiveness, specific programmes that are also designed to train power and speed are necessary. This would include the use of sequenced per iodized programs in which the first training phase emphasizes strength gains, with later phases emphasizing power and speed. 5.Data in tests been performed suggested that evidence shows differences in maximal strength and power in both the upper and lower extremities, these are explained by muscle cross sectional area, distribution of the fibre types and in the muscle mechanics in these limbs as well as training history. References (1)Charles Poliquin, Poliquin performance, The Poliquin International Certification Programme (2)L Paavolainen, K Hakinnen, I Hamalainen, A Nummela, Explosive Strength Training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscle power (3)V.B.. Issurin; G Tenenbaum, Acute and residual effects of vibratory stimulation on explosive strength in elite and amateur athletes (4)Micheal H Stone, Kim Sanborn, Harold S O Bryant, Micheal E. Stone, Chris Proulx, Barrymore Ward, Joe Hruby, Maximum Strength-Power-Performance Relationships in Collegiate Throwers (5)M Izquierdo, X Agudao, R Gonzalez, J.L. Lopez, K Hakkinen, Maximal and explosive force production capacity and balance performance in men of different ages (6)Mikel Izquierdo I, Keijo Hakkinen, Juan J. Gonzalez-Badillo, Javier Ibanez, Esteban Effects of long-term training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities from different sports e of force production that can also tribute to sports *tv–˜šЌОш ъ vx68˜šLNиќЄ#ў%&&&&&и&к&(($)&)”*–*ж+и+Š-Œ--’-”-ќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќтќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќКК(2‚"'(Š  л) @ЗS 2‚'(Š ь- v–˜€‚ў-”-№кФДЂДЂД˜ "  " ."" ." " ." " ."џ "  Фыз7џџџџФыз7 "№ "tt”-.”-0(ЬыычTimes New RomanџШ " " "ЄјУ`gXXP(P,h?Lexmark 6300 SeriesшЄœЬŸ š 4X Г А џџџ шЄ—МLexmark 6300 Series8шЄ—МџXџџcdSoftware\LexmarkInkjetџџџџўџ§џќџXX,XXXXX,XАРXXXXААшЄ—М'winspoolLexmark 6300 SeriesUSB001Fџџ"TЋ"€Цš"P“S"$c"№` "№`""A."@џџ"TЋ"№љ"P“S"$c"№` "№`"."maximal strength and the relationship in explosive sports.wps."0Ms" %Ѓ"аi"аi (" )" I Hamalainen, A Nummela, Explosive Strength Training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscўџ џџџџВZЄ žбЄРOЙ2КQuill96 Story Group Classџџџџє9ВqyЫyЫ/yЫЫyЫ"ЫyЫ!Ы#yЫ+Ы=yЫEЫryЫ}ЫyЫ‰ЫyЫ—Ы›yЫЂЫyЫЫyЫ(Ы–yЫЫНyЫХЫЧyЫЮЫпyЫхЫћyЫЫPyЫYЫ]yЫcЫyЫ‡ЫяyЫєЫѕyЫўЫyЫЫyЫЫ#yЫ* You should think very carefully about completely depending on maximum strength gains to enhance power out-put or sport performance especially among advanced or elite athletes. To maximise power and explosiveness, specific programmes that are also designed to train power and speed are necessary. This would include the use of sequenced per iodized programs in which the first training phase emphasizes strength gains, with later phases emphasizing power and speed. 5.Data in tests been performed suggested that evidence shows differences in maximal strength and power in both the upper and lower extremities, these are explained by muscle cross sectional area, distribution of the fibre types and in the muscle mechanics in these limbs as well as training history. References (1)Charles Poliquin, Poliquin performance, The Poliquin International Certification Programme (2)L Paavolainen, K Hakinnen, I Hamalainen, A Nummela, Explosive Strength Training improves 5-km running time by improving running economy and muscle power (3)V.B.. Issurin; G Tenenbaum, Acute and residual effects of vibratory stimulation on explosive strength in elite and amateur athletes (4)Micheal H Stone, Kim Sanborn, Harold S O Bryant, Micheal E. Stone, Chris Proulx, Barrymore Ward, Joe Hruby, Maximum Strength-Power-Performance Relationships in Collegiate Throwers (5)M Izquierdo, X Agudao, R Gonzalez, J.L. Lopez, K Hakkinen, Maximal and explosive force production capacity and balance performance in men of different ages (6)Mikel Izquierdo I, Keijo Hakkinen, Juan J. Gonzalez-Badillo, Javier Ibanez, Esteban Effects of long-term training specificity on maximal strength and power of the upper and lower extremities from different sports e of force production that can also tribute to sports *tv–˜šЌОш ъ vx68˜šLNиќЄ#ў%&&&&&и&к&(($)&)”*–*ж+и+Š-Œ--’-”-ќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќтќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќќКК(2‚"'(Š  л) @ЗS 2‚'(Š ь- v–˜€‚ў-”-№кФДЂДЂД˜ "  " ."" ." " ." " ."џ "  Фыз7џџџџФыз7 "№ "tt”-.”-0(ЬыычTimes New RomanџШ " " "ЄјУ`gXXP(P,h?Lexmark 6300 SeriesшЄœЬŸ š 4X Г А џџџ шЄ—МLexmark 6300 Series8шЄ—МџXџџcdSoftware\LexmarkInkjet